Volume 3 ,Issue 1 ,September 2026 ,Pages 152-162
Prof.Dr. Salah Kabani Ismail ; Asst.L. Hiwa Mahmoud Ahmad
This study examines in detail the various mechanisms and tools that the Umayyad and Abbasid rulers used during their rule to combat and weaken political and religious opponents such as Khawarij, Shiites, movements and personalities opposed to the regime. It is worth mentioning that these two states have resorted to a number of soft and hard tools that are often incompatible with the principles of Islam. Emphasis is placed on the soft and hard tools used by the Umayyad state, including religious propaganda, political poetry, religious sermons, the use of mosques, and appeals to the personalities of opponents In providing security and shelter, they were a key part of the conspiracy to weaken the unity of the opponents. In the second theme, the study highlights the hard and soft tools used by the Abbasid state against its opponents. The results of the study prove that both states have put their political interests above moral values and used the religiosity of their political differences as an excuse to suppress any voice of dissent, which has created a huge gap between the authorities and citizens.