Estimation of surface water runoff in Kalar district using SCS-CN method

October 2025 , Pages 287 - 306

Authors

ا.م.د. بشتيوان علي محمد محمد 1 ; م. عثمان عبد الرحمن علي علی 2

1 قسم الجغرافيا. كلية العلوم الإنسانية - جامعة رابرين. رانيا

2 قسم العلوم الاجتماعية - كلية التربية الابتدائية - جامعة كرميان. كالار

DOI logo 10.17656/11761

Keywords

Abstract

The objective of this research is to estimate the surface runoff volume in the Kalar District, situated in the southwestern part of the Kurdistan Region, with a total area of 1,698.5 km². Data processing and analysis were conducted using the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) model, which was developed by the United States Soil Conservation Service.

The results identified three soil hydrologic groups (A, B, and C). The analysis indicated that the majority of Curve Number (CN) values across the study area fall within the higher classes. This outcome reflects the low infiltration capacity of the soils and, consequently, the high potential for surface runoff generation.

Moreover, the effective runoff area (Q) was determined to be 247.8 km², representing 14.6% of the total basin area. This emphasizes the spatial variability in runoff potential as a function of land use and soil characteristics. Based on the SCS-CN method, the runoff volume (QV) for the study area was estimated at 22,631.4 m³, which represents the maximum potential runoff volume. This amount of water could be strategically utilized in the artificial recharge of groundwater and in broader water resource management practices within the region.

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  • First online20 October 2025
  • Published at20 October 2025

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