The Islamic East and its Borders and Regions from the Perspective of Muslim Travellers and Geographers of the 3rd-5th Century AD.

Volume 1 , Issue 1 , December 2025 , Pages 73-92

Authors

الأستاذ الدكتور صلاح كانبي إسماعيل 1 ; Assistant Lecturer Sheema Bakr Abdullah 2

1 جامعة السليمانية - كلية العلوم الإنسانية - قسم التاريخ

2 Sulaimani University - College of Humanities Sayed Sadiq - Department of History.

DOI logo 10.17656/jzsb.11681

Keywords

Abstract

The term East of the Islamic World does not indicate a natural geographical region, so that we can define its borders, but by it we mean a region that was the cradle of many civilizations that included many different regions and areas during the historical stage in which we are examining. This region witnessed various cultural, political and religious changes that affected it. Therefore, defining the region from the geographical and civilizational point of view, and determining the geographical boundaries of the region that is called the Islamic East is not an easy matter, not only because of the changes that occurred during the historical stages, but also according to the research topics that touched on this region. Therefore, determining the borders of the Islamic East is not easy. Although through the name given to that region, we can refer to the regions that were under the authority of the Sassanian state before they announced their accession to Islamic rule. After the establishment of the Abbasid state and building the city of Baghdad, which later turned into the capital of this state, as well as the regions and areas that lie between the deserts of Central Asia and the mountains of Afghanistan in the east and the borders of the Byzantine state in the west, which are generally the areas that lie east of the Abbasid state until the fall of this state, although their rule in those territories were actually nominal, but they were formally considered within the Abbasid state.This research consists of a summary, an introduction, three main topics, conclusions, appendices, and a list of references. The first topic includes defining the Eastern Islamic region from the view point of terminology and language. The second topic defines the location and borders of the Eastern Islamic state as determined from the perspective of orientalists and Muslim travelers during the centuries (3rd.-5th. AH/9-11 AD). Finally, the third topic is devoted for examining the social conditions of the Eastern Islamic regions and districts.

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  • First online31 December 2025
  • Published at31 December 2025

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