Digitalization of Human Resources Management and its Role in Improving Job Performance: An Analytical Study of the Opinions of a Sample of Human Resources Employees in the Duhok Governorate Traffic Directorate

Volume 3 ,Issue 1 ,September 2026 ,Pages 68-94

Authors

Wafaa Suleiman Ibrahim ; James Yohanna Audish

DOI logo 10.17656/jzsb.12560

Keywords

Abstract

The digitization of human resource management has become a modern trend attracting increasing attention in contemporary organizations due to its active role in developing administrative practices and improving the efficiency of human resource utilization. The digitization of human resource management refers to the use of digital technologies and electronic systems to expedite procedures, reduce errors, and improve the quality of administrative services. Digital systems also help organize work and clearly distribute tasks, which positively impacts task performance and raises employee performance levels. Based on this, this research aims to investigate the role of the digitization of human resource management as an independent variable in improving job performance as a dependent variable, with its dimensions of: (task performance, contextual performance, and anti-productivity behaviors). Two main hypotheses were formulated, from which three sub-hypotheses branched out, to test the correlation and influence relationships between the research variables. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach. The study population consisted of human resources working in the Duhok Governorate Traffic Directorate, totaling (1001) respondents, while the study sample comprised (129) respondents selected using random sampling. The research data was collected by distributing 150 questionnaires to human resources personnel working at the Duhok Governorate Traffic Directorate. 129 questionnaires were returned and deemed valid for statistical analysis. The results showed a statistically significant positive relationship between the digitization of human resources management and job performance. Furthermore, the results indicated a significant impact of digitized human resources management on job performance across its three dimensions. Based on these findings, the research suggests the necessity of sustainably investing in and promoting digitized applications in human resources management at the Duhok Governorate Traffic Directorate to support improved job performance among its employees. The research also suggests conducting future studies addressing other relevant variables.

References

  1. - الكتب وفصول الكتب (Books & Book Chapters)
  2. 1. Borman, W.C. and Motowidlo, S.J. (1997) ‘Task performance and contextual performance: The meaning for personnel selection research’, in Schmitt, N. and Borman, W.C. (eds.) Personnel Selection in Organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, pp. 71–98.
  3. 2. Campbell, J.P. (1990) ‘Modeling the performance prediction problem in industrial and organizational psychology’, in Dunnette, M.D. and Hough, L.M. (eds.) Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press, pp. 687–732.
  4. 3. Viswesvaran, C. and Ones, D.S. (2000) ‘Perspectives on Models of Job Performance’, in Chmiel, N. (ed.) Introduction to Work and Organizational Psychology: A European Perspective. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, pp. 221–232.
  5. 2- الرسائل الجامعية (Theses & Dissertations)
  6. 1. Bansal, H. (2022) The Role of Psychological Well-being in Job Performance. Master’s thesis. University of Delhi.
  7. 2. Joseph-Armstrong, T.M. (2023) Leadership’s Impact on Employee Work Motivation and Performance. Doctoral dissertation. Walden University.
  8. 3. Teronen, A.-K. (2024) Employee Performance, Productivity, and Efficiency in Remote Work Environment: Scoping Review. Master’s thesis. Metropolia University of Applied Sciences.
  9. 4. van Hoesel, D.G.H. (2022) Work Engagement and its Relationship with Contextual, Adaptive, and Creative Performance: A Meta-analysis. Master’s thesis. Eindhoven University of Technology.
  10. 5. Xuerui, H. (2025) A Model of Human Resource Management Practices Affecting Job Performance of Teaching Staff in Professional Higher Education Institutions in China. Doctoral dissertation. Siam University.
  11. 3- المقالات والدوريات العلمية (Journal Articles)
  12. 1. Abun, D., Nicolas, M.T., Natividad, E., Ancheta, W.M.C., Acidera, E.B. and Julian, F.P. (2023) ‘Measuring the effect of organizational climate on employees’ work performance as perceived by employees’, Divine Word International Journal of Management and Humanities, 2(1), pp. 120–147. DOI: https://doi.org/10.62025/dwijmh.v2i3.32.
  13. 2. Aggarwal, V. and Sharon, S.D. (2017) ‘Digital human resource management’, Gyan Management Journal, 11(2), pp. 23–27. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323363364
  14. 3. Alaaeldin, B., Asaad, T., Khshan, M. and Ebeid, A.Y. (2024) ‘Is it beneficial for organizations to employ branding internally? A study toward enhancing employee performance’, International Journal of Education, Business and Economics Research, 4(1), pp. 26–53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59822/IJEBER.2024.4103
  15. 4. Alqarni, S., Hamsan, H., Rasdi, R.M. and Rahman, H.A. (2023) ‘A systematic literature review on job performance in diverse organizations from 2010 to 2023’, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 13(18), pp. 203–216.
  16. 5. Amany, S. (2025) ‘A review of digital human resource management: Transforming HR practices through technology’, Luminis Applied Science and Engineering, 2(1), pp. 65–71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.69760/lumin.20250001011
  17. 6. Beja, D. (2024) ‘Job performance levels: Individual, corporate, collective and generational’, in Human Resource Management - An Update. IntechOpen. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1002696
  18. 7. Bondarouk, T., Parry, E. and Furtmueller, E. (2017) ‘Electronic HRM: Four decades of research on adoption and consequences’, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 28(1), pp. 98–131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2016.1245672
  19. 8. Bratamanggala, R.I. (2023) ‘Digital transformation in human resource management: A systematic literature review’, Siber International Journal of Education Technology, 1(2), pp. 57–64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.38035/sijet.v1i2.57
  20. 9. Budiono, A. (2024) ‘Job performance influenced by leadership and training: Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as mediator variables’, Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia, 24(2), pp. 20–40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/foli-2024-0015
  21. 10. Çalışkan, A. and Köroğlu, E.Ö. (2022) ‘Job performance, task performance, contextual performance: Development and validation of a new scale’, Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 8(2), pp. 180–201.
  22. 11. Fiaz, S., Qureshi, M.A. and Shahzad, A. (2026) ‘Digitalization for sustainability: Uncover partial digitalization challenges and pathways to SDG 9’, Journal of the Knowledge Economy, pp. 1–32.
  23. 12. Grund, C. and Soboll, A. (2025) ‘The relation between employees’ self-evaluations of performance and job satisfaction’, Review of Managerial Science, pp. 1–23.
  24. 13. Huynh Thi Thu, S., Pham, M. and Luc, H.N. (2025) ‘Leveraging digital human resource management to optimize organizational performance in Vietnam’, Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12, p. 802. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04633-9
  25. 14. Koopmans, L. et al. (2011) ‘Conceptual frameworks of individual work performance: A systematic review’, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 53(8), pp. 856–866..DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e318226a763
  26. 15. Koopmans, L. et al. (2014) ‘Measuring individual work performance’, Work, 48(2), pp. 229–238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-131659
  27. 16. Krijgsheld, M., Tummers, L.G. and Scheepers, F.E. (2022) ‘Job performance in healthcare: A systematic review’, BMC Health Services Research, 22(1), p. 149. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-07357-5
  28. 17. Limon, İ. and Nartgün, Ş.S. (2020) ‘Development of teacher job performance scale and determining teachers’ job performance level’, Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 13(3), pp. 564–590. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.675110
  29. 18. Nusraningrum, D., Rahmawati, A., Wider, W., Jiang, L. and Udang, L.N. (2024) ‘Enhancing employee performance through motivation: The mediating roles of green work environments and engagement in Jakarta’s logistics sector’, Frontiers in Sociology, 9, pp. 1–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2024.1400567.
  30. 19. Puspita, R.A.S. (2024) ‘The influence of digital technology on human resource management practice’, Management Studies and Business Journal (PRODUCTIVITY), 1(1), pp. 108–115.
  31. 20. Saidin, K., Wan, P., Halim, W.A. and Solihah, W.F. (2024) ‘A synthesis towards the construct of job performance: Dimensions and theoretical approaches’, Pakistan Journal of Life & Social Sciences, 22(2).
  32. 21. Sakib, M.N., Ullah, M.S. and Rahman, M.M. (2025) ‘Mapping the evolution of digital human resource management: A systematic review and bibliometric analysis’, Future Business Journal, 11(1), p. 154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-025-00471-5.
  33. 22. Strohmeier, S. (2020) ‘Digital human resource management: A conceptual clarification’, German Journal of Human Resource Management, 34(3), pp. 345–365. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2397002220921131.
  34. 23. Wang, N., Luan, Y. and Ma, R. (2024) ‘Detecting causal relationships between work motivation and job performance: A meta-analytic review of cross-lagged studies’, Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), pp. 1–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-02852-2.
  35. 24. Yao, J., Qiu, X., Yang, L., Han, X. and Li, Y. (2022) ‘The relationship between work engagement and job performance: Psychological capital as a moderating factor’, Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 729131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.729131
  36. 25. Zakaria, U.K., Aziz, S.F.A., Selamat, M.N. and Omar, N.H. (2020) ‘New measurement of employee’s strategic job performance appraisal: Construction using the Malaysian sample’, International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 9(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.6007/IJAREMS/v9-i4/8397.
  37. 26. Zavyalova, E. et al. (2022) ‘The digitalization of human resource management: Present and future’, Foresight and STI Governance, 16(2), pp. 42–51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2022.2.42.51.
  38. 4- التقارير والمصادر الحكومية (Reports & Government Sources)
  39. - Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG). (2023) Statement from the Prime Minister on Kurdistan’s Digital Future. Erbil: Kurdistan Regional Government.
  40. المصدر العربي
  41. عوديش، جيمس يوحنا، (2022) هندسة العوامل البشرية كخارطة طريق للسعادة التنظيمية، مجلة العلوم الإنسانية بجامعة زاخو، المجلد (10)، العدد (4)، ص (1031-1051)
Statistics
  • Article view94
  • Downloads2
  • First online30 September 2026
  • Published at30 September 2026

  • RIS
  • BibTeX
  • EndNote
  • Mendeley
  • APA (7th edition)
  • MLA (9th edition)
  • Chicago
  • Harvard
  • IEEE
  • Vancouver