, ,August 2026 ,Pages 413-424
Asst. Prof. Dr. Sabah Rasoul Mahmoud ; Dr. Kazem Ali Tawfiq
This research provides an in-depth study of the scientific and historical persona of the Kurdish scholar Baha al-Din Yusuf ibn Rafi ibn Shaddad al-Asadi al-Mawsili (539-632 AH), a rare figure who combined jurisprudential excellence, judicial competence, and rigorous historical documentation.
The study seeks to highlight three primary axes:
First: His scientific journey, which began in Mosul and reached its pinnacle at the Nizamiyya School in Baghdad. It explores the major milestones of his academic and professional career, focusing specifically on his experience at the Nizamiyya and its profound impact on shaping his character and defining his scholarly and judicial path.
Second: Ibn Shaddad’s career in the court of Salah al-Din al-Ayyubi (Saladin), where he rose to the positions of Judge of Jerusalem, Judge of the Army, and trusted advisor to the Sultan. He was an eyewitness to the critical junctures of the Crusades, from the Siege of Acre to the Treaty of Ramla, documenting these observations in his immortal work, Al-Nawadir al-Sultaniyya wa al-Mahasin al-Yusufiyya (The Rare and Excellent History of Saladin).
Third: An analysis of the aforementioned book, which represents a unique historical document characterized by firsthand observation, documentary accuracy, and scientific objectivity. His methodology relies on direct testimony, verification of reports, and precise chronological sequencing, maintaining a rare balance between emotional loyalty to the Sultan and a commitment to historical integrity.
The research concludes that Ibn Shaddad represents a unique model of the jurist-scholar turned "insider historian." His documentation style merges the rigor of a jurist with the clarity of an eyewitness, making his work one of the most prestigious primary sources for studying the Ayyubid era and the Crusades. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the significant contribution of Kurdish scholars to the richness of Islamic historical heritage during a decisive period in the region's history.