, ,August 2026 ,Pages 361-370
This study examines the role of Kurdish religious scholars in Baghdad during the twentieth century as active members of the scholarly elite who contributed to the development of religious and university educational institutions amid the political and educational transformations experienced by Iraq at that time. The study is grounded in the problem of the absence of an independent analysis that examines this role from an institutional perspective, moving beyond purely documentary or biographical approaches. It demonstrates that the solid scholarly backgrounds these scholars acquired in Kurdistan through traditional religious schools, Sufi lodges, and rigorous linguistic and juristic training formed a foundational basis for their integration into the Baghdadi academic environment and for enriching it through teaching, authorship, and participation in cultural life.
The study further shows that their contributions were manifested in two main areas. The first involved the development of religious schools, seminaries, and Islamic institutes in Baghdad through raising academic standards, organizing curricula, strengthening Arabic language sciences, fostering students’ educational formation, and linking religious education to contemporary requirements. The second area concerned their participation in Iraqi universities by teaching Islamic sciences, developing academic religious curricula, and introducing research, analytical, and documentation methodologies more consistent with university-level education. This contributed to achieving a meaningful integration between religious authenticity and the demands of modernization.
The study concludes that, although this role was highly influential, it has not received sufficient attention in previous scholarship. It therefore recommends expanding specialized research, collecting relevant documents and manuscripts, supporting comparative studies between Baghdad and Kurdistan, and incorporating this topic into curricula on the history of education and Islamic studies in Iraqi universities.