The civilizational situation of Kifri according to the Tianus of the travelers and evidence A historical study - letters of the Ottoman state in the nineteenth century

Volume 1 , Issue 1 , April 2025 , Pages 221-241

Authors

President Fattah Muhammad Saleh Saleh 1

1 Sulaimani Education Directorate/West

DOI logo 10.17656/jzsb.12340

Keywords

Abstract

Kifri is one of the urban cities that dates back to ancient historical eras. Its name was mentioned in the Ottoman sources in the nineteenth century as (Salahia). Kifri was one of the important areas in the Babani Emirate and the Sharazoor District, due to its geographical location, which is bordered to the south by the Baghdad State and which lies on the main road for commercial caravans between Kirkuk and Baghdad. It has become the focus of most travelers who passed through the Baghdad State, Mosul and southern Kurdistan or passed through the region and mentioned it in their writings.

The aim of choosing this topic is to highlight the history of the civilization of Kifri as one of the important cities in the Garmian region and southern Kurdistan in the nineteenth century. This research sheds light on the urban aspect, economic and social activity, and cultural heritage of the city, as well as the role and position that the city played within the historical events in the nineteenth century.

This study consists of an introduction and three main chapters: The first chapter is divided into two axes, the first axis is a historical overview of the geographical location and administrative system of the city of Kifri in the nineteenth century, while the second chapter talks about the urban level in Kifri. The second chapter talks about the social structure and popular heritage. As for the third chapter, it talks about the economic situation through several axes, we talked about the ownership of agricultural lands, agriculture, grazing, trade, markets and crafts..., and the conclusion summarizes all the conclusions reached by the study.

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  • First online1 April 2025
  • Published at1 April 2025

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