A Geographical Analysis of Ruandz River Water Pollution

October 2025 , Pages 437-462

Authors

Asst.L.Media Asad Khurshid 1 ; م. م. مصطفى يوسف محمد كليتايي کەلێتەیی 2 ; م. م. دیدار حمد قادر قادر 2 ; م.م. مؤید شوکت شیخ شیخ 3

1 Faculty of Arts / Department of Geography / Soran University

2 بەشی گەشتوگوزار/ پەیمانگای تەکنیکی تایبەتی ڕواندز

3 قسم التمريض والصيدلة / معهد روانز التقني

DOI logo 10.17656/11793

Keywords

Abstract

Water pollution is one of the most common global problems, and the Kurdistan Region is no exception. Therefore, this study focuses on the geographical analysis of water pollution in the Ruandz River. The primary aim is to highlight the extent of water pollution affecting the river.

The methodology employed includes a private-to-general inference approach, quantitative analysis tools, modern laboratory techniques, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS).

The research concludes that human activities play a major role in the pollution of the Ruandz River. However, when compared to Iraqi and international standards, the physical and chemical parameters of the river’s water pollution do not exceed the acceptable limits.

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  • First online20 October 2025
  • Published at20 October 2025

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