Chemical rain in Halabja between massacre and genocide It is a historical study

Volume 2 , Issue 2 , December 2025 , Pages 198-212

Authors

Asst.L.Karwan Sharif Qadir Sharif 1

1 Department of History / Faculty of Education / Koya University

DOI logo 10.17656/11920

Keywords

Abstract

In 1988, a few months before the end of the Iraq-Iran war, the Iraqi government began using chemical gas against the Kurdish people. In Halabja, a few miles from the Iranian border, about 5,000 people died.Which is considered a new crime in contemporary history and the crime is no less than bombing Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This work by the Iraqi government is rare in history, as it used chemical weapons against its own people. Most of the victims were children and women. The Iraqi government apparently used 1,000 tons of chemical gas against the city. which was the final stage of a systematic operation against the Kurdish people, carried out by Iraqi government at that time. Saddam Hussein dropped the deadly mixture of sarin, vx gas nerves and mustard gas by plane on to the city's people. In this research, we want to explain and determine the actual number of victims, and then we will explain the reasons behind the use of the weapon. In this research, we want to clarify whether the chemical attack on Halabja is genocide? or it's just massacre. Then we'll talk about the effects on the weather. We will finally explain the psychological and humanitarian effects of the crime on the people of Halabja .

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  • First online29 December 2025
  • Published at29 December 2025

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